True/False: Utilitarian theory is also known as deontology.

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This item tests the distinction between two major ethical frameworks: utilitarianism and deontology. Utilitarianism judges actions by their outcomes, aiming for the greatest overall good or happiness. Deontology, on the other hand, is duty-based and evaluates actions by whether they adhere to rules or duties, regardless of the consequences. Because they rest on different foundations—outcomes versus duties—they are not the same theory. They can sometimes produce similar judgments, but they are distinct philosophies. For example, a utilitarian might justify lying if it leads to better overall consequences, whereas a deontologist would reject lying because it violates a fundamental duty to tell the truth. Therefore, the statement is false.